PLANING AND EVALUATION IN HEALTH

 WHAT IS PLANING?   

        Planning can be define as the process of identifying a means and the end. Planing is the process of setting out in advance a pattern of action to bring about a given overall national police by the shortage possible means and ends.

          According to KANFMAN (1972) "A plan is a projected of what is to be accomplishing to reach valid and valued goals."

           Planing therefore involves the regional symmetric analysis to the process of healthy development with aim of making health more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of the community and the community and the society in general.

        Planning deals with feature drawing upon past trends. It is based on the planner to relate his decision to what will occur in the feature. Planning deals with not only where to go but also what is the best rout. It should be realized that planing does not end when it gets into the paper and approved instead, it deals with the implementation and with the process of otherwise made. It also considers on for seen objectives tackle and what should be done to overcome them.

THE SIX PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING IN HEALTH

1. Planning should be achievable
2. Planing should identify and use all relevant community resources
3. Plan activities should take into consideration the financial, personnel, and the constraints on the resources available.
4. Planning should be flexible, not rigid.
5. Planning should be made with needs and context of the community in mind.
6. Planning should consider the basic needs and interest of the community. Planning with the people involved in the implementation of an activity if involve people they will be more likely to percolate and the plan will be likely to succeed.

HOW PLANNING OCCURS

1. identify levels at which strategic planning may occur within financial

2. Understand how strategic planning that occurs at multiple levels in an organization help a company achieve it is overall corporate objectives.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PLANNING IN HEALTH

1. A good plan is based upon clear, well – defined and easily understood objectives.

2. A good plan must be simple and comprehensive when the plan is simple, all employees of the organization can know it's significance and it can be easy put Into operation, which leads to achieve objectives.

3. It provides for analysis and classification of action I.e is it establishes standards. Comparing actual results with standards can make a proper analysis it leads to effective control.

4. Planing should flexible enough to incorporate any changes in the resources, if necessary. Additionally, it should be responsive to changed conditions that if future events do not rigid follow the anticipation, the same plan can be modified and adopted to the altered situation.

5. It is time Bound.

6. It uses available resources to the utmost before creating new authority and new resources.

7. It is comprehensive and include each and every aspect of the objectives.

PROBLEMS/CONSTRUCTIONS OF PLANNING

      There are some obstacles to planning which made it to be unsuccessful. They include the followings

1. Financial
2. High increase on the demands for health services
3. Political ideology
4. Social
5. Lack of expertise

FINANCIAL

Financial plans are affected; projection can be made objectives formulated but without financial aid the implementation of such plan will be very difficult. In Nigeria the financial constraints are most due to under estimate on the cost of health or overestimate; this could be seen either in terms of foreign aids or internally generated revenue.

         Adequate and sufficient fund will make the execution of any plan successful, while on other hand, in adequate or in sufficient funs will render the excursion of any plan. Impossible.

HIGH INCREASE ON THE DEMANDS FOR HEALTH SERVICES

      The more the population the more the demands for health services. As Nigeria is growing rapidly in population our plan on health has to change occasionally in order to meet up with the demands.

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

        Political plays an important role in planning for any administration. Each political party has it's ideology and plans which lead to fulfilment of its ambitions will best on their own priority if it is on health whether on health or other sectors. The political condition of the country can lead to pre-mature termination of health plans in relation to the type political leadership we have at the very moment.

SOCIAL

    The more people become aware of a program the more they give attention to it, but where there is misunderstanding of part of the program the implementation and good understanding of the new innovations. As the world is changing so also our leadership.

LACK OF EXPERTISE

      For any planning to be successful there must be those who have the Knowledge and skills of what is to be executed the expert are those that qualified on the skills and techniques of what is to be done as for the planned activities.

EVALUATION IN HEALTH

WHAT IS EVALUATION?

  

          Evaluation is the means by which we systematically collect and analyses information about the result of program.

     

            Evaluation is the attaching value to measurement. It refers to the qualitative and description plus.

THE IMPORTANCE OF EVALUATION

1. Evaluation helps in assessing the strength and weakness of the planned program.

2. Evaluation helps to determine the effectiveness of the method used in the implementation of the plan.

3. It helps to minimize errors and mistakes.

4. It helps in improving the area where there is difficulties.

5. It is a form of guidance toward solution.

6. It helps in obtaining and restoring information.

7. Evaluation is used to diagnose the strength and weakness of a plan.

8. It also used to evaluate the effectiveness of the equipment and facilities.

9. Evaluation aid decision making base on certain information or regarding to upgrade program personals.

10. Helps in planning the long and short term program.

TYPES OF EVALUATION

Generally, there are two (2) types of Evaluation.

1. Formation Evaluation
2. Summative Evaluation

FORMATIVE EVALUATION

This is the type of evaluation which s carried out periodically. In other words, is a kind of continues short term developmental assessment aimed for improving the program.

SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

This is the type of evaluation which is carried out at the end of the program quarterly or yearly. It is long-term evaluation as opposed to short-term formative evaluation.